Kadolha

Kadolha (Kadolhan: Кадољска / Kadoljska), officially the Republic of Kadolha (Kadolhan: Република Кадољска / Republika Kadoljska), is a  located in southern Zemlya, bordering Lipnitia to the north, Behalavia to the south, Kolesia to the southeast and Lubilia to the east. Kradelas is located in the Capital Voivodeship and is the official seating of the government. Kadolha has a population of roughly 80 million people.

The Kadolhans are an ethnic group that formed in the Cozars in the 6th century, migrating from what is now known as modern-day Sremia. Kadolhans were originally split into several tribes that inhabited northern Kadolha, and were constantly on the offensive against the Eutrucian Empire. The Kadolhan despotate would officially form in the 603, also led by the first recorded Kadolhan leader, Nemanja I. The despotate would be succeeded by the Kingdom of Kadolha in 692, followed by the establishment of one of the oldest empires in Zemlyan history in 713, the Kadolhan Empire. The Kadolhan Empire expanded further into central Zemlya and the south Cozars, until finally dissolving in 1503.

In 1508, the Principality of Kradelas was formed with assistance from the Republic of Kalalj. Kradelas essentially became the center of Kadolhan identity and unity. Two centuries later, in 1616, Veljko III issued a declaration of war on all the successor states, except the Republic of Kalalj, whom it allied with. This war came to be known as the Reunification War, playing a vital role in Kadolhan history. Kradelas succeeded in conquering all modern Kadolhan territories, officially reunifying the country in 1711, forming the First Kadolhan Republic. The First Republic was dissolved in 1802 after a coup led by Darko Brkić, where he overthrew Radovan Grgić and declared a temporary, before marking the beginning of the Second Kadolhan Republic.

The 19th century marks the beginning of tensions between Kadolha and Sremia. Kadolha occupied southwest Lipnitia in retaliation to the Sremian invasion of Lipnitia in 1865, and setting up the Protectorate of Krasnograd as dependnet territory. In 1882, Rastislav Prodić began a second after the death of Ranko Đokić. In 1897, Kadolha invaded Lubilia in an attempt to reunify other Kadolhan-speaking lands. 1910 marks the beginning of the First Great War, the country finding itself in war against Kus and Sremia. The war ended in a stalemate in 1920, and shortly after its end, the military dictatorship was abolished by Predrag Milutinović and Pavle Jondić was elected President. On 5 August 1924, The Storming of Kradelas, perpetrated by the National Revivalist Party and its founder, Dragan Obrenović, overthrew the Jondić administration and formed the Revivalist Third Kadolhan Republic. Kadolha would emerge victorious in a short civil war fought against the Kadolhan Workers' Republic in 1931. Kadolha found itself in war against Sremia in the Second Great War, which resulted in a stalemate. Kadolha was the founding member of the CSDO, along with Bloodia, which also in turn started the Cold War. Kadolha also played a major role in the Lyrinian Civil War, and in 1991, having invaded the Lubilian SCR. The result of the 1992 Congress of Ljećakow also marks the beginning of the Bloodian-Kadolhan Split.

Kadolha is the leading member of the Collective Strategic Defense Organization and the Cozar Union. Jovana Todorović has been elected as the country's leader in late 2022, the first female Vrhovni Vođa in Kadolhan history, along with Adrijana Rajković as the Supreme Councilor. Kadolha is ranked as one of the richest and most developed countries in the world. The government provides free education and a universal healthcare system for all its citizens.

Prehistory and antiquity
Humans have inhabited Kadolha since the, as proven by archeological discoveries from across the country. Archeological evidence that there were human inhabitants during the was only found in a small area in the northeastern portion of the country.

Archeological finds prove that roughly between 7,000 BI and 4,500 BI is when cultures like the Kaluča culture, Neleč culture and Kočave culture were present in the western Cozars. Pottery believed to belong to the Neleč are the most commonly found in excavation sites. Only one example of culture was found at an excavation site in western Kadolha.

The saw Kadolha primarily populated by five major tribes, three of which were situated in the south and believed to be Lyrenic tribes. Volari and Ikalasi were settled in the north, Kartaka, Pavari and Jerteri in the south. These tribes were first discovered and documented by the Anciest Cestrosians. There was also a number of tribes that settled in northern Kadolha.

During the expansion of the Eutrucian Empire, the majority of the land was conquered and was the site of multiple rebellions and battles. The Eutrucians established the province of Lyrenium in 188 BI, which encompassed the south of the country. The land was dotted with Eutrucian cities, settlements, forts, military camps, temples and palaces, notably the remnants of the city of Saradium, located in western Vežaljska.

The arrival of the Slavs to the Cozars saw a significant amount of Eutrucian cities and settlements sacked, including Cestrosian settlements after the Eutrucian Empire was kicked out of the Cozars. There are remnants of Cestrosian forts, settlements and one city in southern Kadolha today.

Despotate
The prelude to the establishment of the Kadolhan despotate is the Slavic migration to the Cozars and the formation of the Kadolhans as an ethnic group. Kadolhans quickly came into contact with the Eutrucian Empire that they started to ravage and sack. With the Eutrucian Empire facing its downfall, the Kadolhans were mostly successful in pushing the Eutrucians deeper into the Cozars, while settling on conquered land in the process.

603 marks the year the Kadolhan despotate was officially established with Nemanja I Vračarević as despot, who is also the first recorded Kadolhan leader. Nemanja I sought to destroy the Eutrucian Empire and expel it from the Cozars after expanding the despotate more south, but died of old age in 626. Radoslav I Vračarević expanded the country into western Lubilia and westwards into the mainland, though Radoslav II Vračarević was responsible for campaigning deeper into the Cozars. The despotate reached its maximum extent before Radoslav II declared himself king and established the Kingdom of Kadolha.

Kingdom
The Kingdom of Kadolha was established when Radoslav II Vračarević declared himself king in 692. Radoslav II reigned as king for 9 years, but was killed during the Battle of Saradium. He was succeeded by Stefan I Vračarević who's campaign against the Eutrucian Empire in the Cozars led to a fast and rapid expansion of the kingdom. His campaign was considered a miracle by historians, where it's often believed that there was a godly power aiding him, he is also regarded to as one of the best military commanders in Kadolhan history.

Stefan I Vračarević's personal campaign was expanding the country further west into the mainland until they reached the Green Sea. Stefan I assigned his best commanders to lead the eastern, central and southern campaigns. Stevan Krljun's eastern campaign took the lands in west Lubilia and a part of south Lipnitia, while Vladimir Kaljić expanded the country south. Stefan I would also move the capital from Laškana to what is now modern-day Kradelas.

The Kingdom of Kadolha would reach its maximum extent in 722, where Stefan I Vračarević declared himself an emperor and established the Kadolhan Empire.

Kadolhan Empire
The Kadolhan Empire was established in 722 when Stefan I Vračarević declared himself emperor. Even though Stefan I's campaign was successful in expanding the kingdom, he did not stop until the Eutrucians were completely gone from west Kadolha. The first emperor would continue to reign for another 17 years until he died of old age in 739.

The Kadolhan Empire would conquer the land along the coast of the Kadolhan Sea in the 8th century, and expand further north into Lipnitia. The empire would remain ruled by the Vračarević dynasty until the last emperor, Velislav I Vračarević, died in 776 without a successor. The empire was struck with a dilemma, there was no successor and the Eastern Eutrucian Empire started rebuilding their legions. It was quickly decided that a noble from the Belosavljević dynasty would have to be chosen for the throne. Beloslav I Belosavljević was crowned emperor in the Temple of Vremeslav outside of Kradelas. Emperor Beloslav I priortized building a large army in order to be able to face the Eutrucian legions, although his short reign met with a fatal illness did not manage to do as such in such a short period of time. In 782 successor, Beloslav II Belosavljević would continue his legacy and when the Eutrucians attacked in 789, he was able to repel the attack and push the Eutrucians back. With the destruction of the legions, Beloslav II led his armies south and conquered the northern bit of what is now modern-day Veršec. Beloslav IV Belosavljević was the first Kadolhan emperor to ever resign from his position, as his actions made him highly unlikeable among the populace.

The golden age of the Kadolhan Empire arrived in 966, when Nikola III Belosavljević was crowned emperor. He was often referred to as a reincarnation of Stefan Kraljević, patron hero of the Kadolhans and the Slayer of Eutrucians, because of the ruthless killings of Eutrucians at the time. His reign was the second longest out of all Kadolhan emperors, lasting for 61 years. For the duration of his reign he would conquer the rest of modern-day Kadolha, and lead a campaign that expanded the empire into Lipnitia, all of Lubilia and western Trakia. He is responsible for reforming the Pravjerje, where Vremeslav was replaced by Ratibog as the chief god of the pantheon. A giant statue of Ratibog was erected in Lipnovo and Kradelas became the center of Ratibog worship with the construction of a large temple (later renamed to the Temple of Vremeslav). Nikola III believed that honoring the god of war above the god of time would bring victory in every battle. His reign ended with his death in 1027, also marking the end of the golden age.

The reign of the Belosavljević dynasty ended in 1070, after the highly unlikeable emperor Velibor II Belosavljević who intended on coverting the nation to was killed by Dragoljub I Vukašinović and his order of knights. Dragoljub I has not done much in regards of conquering land, but has brought stability and order to the Kadolhan Empire.

Under the rule of Vuk I Vukašinović, the Kadolhan Empire expanded past west Lipnitia and into Sataria. Vuk II led a successful campaign against a number of Satarian kingdoms, conquering the majority of Sataria and establishing a border with the Kingdom of Bloodia. The reign of Vuk I was the longest out of all, just a year ahead of Nikola III Belosavljević. Vuk II Vukašinović expanded the empire southeast and conquered half of Veršec. He was responsible for undoing Nikola III's religious reform, making Vremeslav the chief god of the pantheon again and converting the Temple of Ratibog in Kradelas to the Temple of Vremeslav. Marija I Vukašinović was the first and only empress of the Kadolhan Empire. She was notorious for persecuting Issians in the 14th century, along with the introduction of brutal and inhumane torture methods.

The Kadolhan Empire eventually met its demise in 1503 after Dragoljub III Vukašinović's campaign in Cestros. The empire was dismantled into several independent states by decree of the emperor.

Dissolution of the Empire
In 1503, after Dragoljub III Vukašinović's campaign in Cestros and Vreteke came to a stalemate, the Kadolhan Empire was devastatingly hit by the consequences of the war. Despite managing to take the Lyrenian peninsula and advance past the Cestrosian border regions, the cost of resources and manpower it took to conquer those lands had a major impact on the stability of the empire. Poverty, civil unrest and the possibility of a civil war forced Dragoljub III to issue a decree that dissolved the Kadolhan Empire into thirteen states, most of which were former fiefdoms. Dragoljub III resigned from the throne, and because he was sterile, without any successors, the Vukašinović dynasty also came to an end.

Conquered lands out of Kadolha either regained independence, became vassals or were conquered by major powers in Zemlya at the time. Such is the case with Sataria, which was instantly taken by the Kingdom of Bloodia after the Kadolhan Empire dissolved. Lubilia gained independence, the south Cozars were reconquered by Cestrosian states and Trakia retook the lands in its border region. The Heavenly Kingdom of Lyrinia and the Second Kingdom of Vreteke declared independence, and the Lipnitian lands were to be retaken by the Lipnitian Empire

Out of the empire came thirteen newly established states, although the fourteenth state was established later on, the original thirteen states were the Republic of Kalalj, Republic of Jakovac, Grand Kingdom of Akažija, Republic of Medača, Republic of Talesija, Kingdom of Vešalija, Kingdom of Trižanija, Principality of Peljušin, Duchy of Aševska, Grand Duchy of Jarecija, Republic of Goskana, Kingdom of Levušna and the Duchy of Kavešija. The fourteenth state was the Principality of Kradelas, which was formed in 1508, though prior to that its territory was split between the Republic of Kalalj and the Duchy of Aševska.

Principality of Kradelas and reunification
After the Kadolhan Empire dissolved, control over the capital Kradelas was placed in question, whether it should remain split between the Republic of Kalalj and the Duchy of Aševska or be granted independence. It was commonly referred to as the Kradelas Question, and it was a five-year long debate between successor states. Eventually, in 1508, with the pressure of the Republic of Kalalj, the Principality of Kradelas was formed. Although, it did not go in favor with the other states' stances, Kradelas was given its original territory it held under the Kadolhan Empire.

The Principality of Kradelas was set to be ruled by Knez Dragomir I Radosavljević, a member of the Radosavljević dynasty. Dragomir I would start amassing an army in secrecy, at the same time as he opened up trade relations with other states. Shortly after the death of Dragomir I in 1544, Veljko I ordered the idea of a unified Kadolha to be propagated throughout Kradelas and in the Republic of Kalalj. Though Kadolhan unification was a controversial topic at the time, it was mostly confined to Kradelas and Kalalj, as all the other states viewed unification rather uneasy.

After the death of Veljko II Radosavljević in 1609, Veljko III Radosavljević was left with a gigantic army waiting for war, though he had postponed the declaration of war by seven years. In 1616 he asked the clergy in the Temple of Vremeslav whether to go to war or not, the clergy would tie three rows of spears together with two spears facing downwards under an angle. They would then bring a white horse, and when the horse was about to jump starting off from its right leg, Veljko III notified Ivan Krljić, leader of the Republic of Kalalj at the time to prepare for war. Veljko III issued a formal declaration of war against twelve states on 2 July 1616 with reunification as casus belli. The Principality of Kradelas received diplomatic support from the Kingdom of Bloodia during the war, which in turn shaped Kadolhan-Bloodian relations for centuries to come. The war came to be known as the Reunification War.

Despite being largely outnumbered, the Principality of Kradelas and the Republic of Kalalj emerged victorious in the majority of battles fought. The Duchy of Aševska fell in 1624, Duchy of Kavešija in 1627, Grand Duchy of Jarecija in 1632, the Kingdom of Levušna formally surrendered in 1636 after a defeat in the Battle of Lajno Polje, Republic of Goskana in 1641, Grand Kingdom of Akažija in 1668, Principality of Peljušin in 1670, Republic of Medača in 1676, Kingdom of Vešalija in 1688 and the Kingdom of Tržanija in 1702. The Kingdom of Jakovac fell after a devastating defeat in the Battle of Galebica on 4 August 1711. On 26 July 1711, Vukašin I Radosavljević formally dissolved the Principality of Kradelas together with the Republic of Kalalj and formed the First Kadolhan Republic. The Reunification War still remains the longest war fought on Kadolhan soil and one of the longest wars in history.

First Kadolhan Republic
The First Kadolhan Republic was created with the conclusion of the Reunification War in 1711. It was the only country whose government was modeled after the Eutrucian Republic, bearing a similar, but modified system. Positions with similar roles and tasks to Eutrucian ones were created: Supreme Councilor, Judge , Monetary Tax Councilor , Temple Councilor , Treasury Councilor , People's Councilor and Representative Councilor. Unlike the Eutrucian system, popular elections would take every six years and can serve two terms as the Supreme Councilor. Compared to the Kadolhan council, the Eutrucian senate was almost twice its size.

Overseas exploration and colonization of lands in Irisia and Maimunia happened during the existence of the First Kadolhan Republic. Kadolha established its first trading ports on the Nelatian coast in the late 18th century.

Throughout the existence of the First Republic, internal disputes happened and colonial wars were fought against local tribes. In 1800, Radovan Grgić won the popular election, most likely through voter fraud and empty promises made to the people. His popularity started decreasing rapidly in 1801 and in 1802, in the early morning of January 6, Colonel Darko Brkić with ten soldiers staged a coup against Radovan Grgić, executing him on the spot after being sentenced on grounds of treason and fraud. Colonel Brkić declared a five-month long to stabilize the country, before transitioning to a  and declaring the Second Kadolhan Republic.

Second Kadolhan Republic
The formation of the Second Kadolhan Republic is preceeded by the 1802 coup against Supreme Councilor Radovan Grgić, whose popularity started decreasing rapidly since the end of 1801. He was overthrown and executed by Colonel Darko Brkić, followed by a five-month long that was established in order to lay the foundation for a new republic. On 10 May 1802, Colonel Brkić allowed the country to transition to a and establish the Second Kadolhan Republic. Darko Brkić was technically the first acting President of the Second Kadolhan Republic, so he could oversee the new republic's first elections. The new presidential system allowed the president to essentially be the and  in a multi-party system, with legislative power vested in the president, government and National Assembly. The new constitution allowed the president to serve a six-year term, and can serve up to two terms.

Jovan Glibić was the first President of the Second Kadolhan Republic to be elected, although his one served term did not have any significance in Kadolhan history, he is also the founder of the Democratic Party of Kadolha. Kadolhan politics in the 19th century were considered a battleground between the mainstream parties, such as the aforementioned Democratic Party of Kadolha, the Kadolhan Radical Party and the Conservative Party of Kadolha. Although representatives of the Kadolhan Unitary Party and the Republican Party managed to grab some seats in the National Assembly. David Došlić was the only Republican president to serve a term, along with Velibor Stojanović, who was the only Unitarist.

In 1804, the Second Kadolhan Republic would get involved in the Republican Wars, joining the republican side and starting a military campaign against the United Kingdom of Behalavia, the Grand Duchy of Lipnitia and later on the Kingdom of Cestros. The serving president at the time, Jovan Glibić, was forced to drag Kadolha into war by decision, which was voted on by the National Assembly. The majority of the cabinet also supported the decision. Elections would remain to be hosted until the end of the wars, as the country itself was not invaded or at threat. The United Kingdom of Behalavia was defeated in 1810 after a six-year long campaign, officially establishing a republic, although its royal family would remain in exile for many years, after managing to flee the country. From 1810, Kadolha carried the war to the Kingdom of Cestros in an eight year-long campaign, which by mid-1818 ended with the toppling of the Cestrosian monarchy, and starting the Republic of Cestros. The same year, Cestros and Kadolha attacked the Heavenly Kingdom of Lyrinia, marking the beginning of the Lyrinian campaign, and in 1819 disposed the royal family and executed them, followed with the establishment of the Republic of Lyrinia. In 1820, the focus that was laid onto the Behalavian, Cestrosian and Lyrinian campaign led to a stalemate on the front with the Grand Duchy of Lipnitia, also marking the end of the Republican Wars. Kadolha only managed to gain the land of the modern-day voivodeship of Novašovac, otherwise having failed to depose the Lipnitian monarchy.

Colonization also began under the second republic, the first notable protectorate was established in north Maimunia in 1853, known as Nelatia. The most culturally notable colony is Balekaria, established as a protectorate in 1855. In 1857, protectorates of Bamey and Yumbo were also established, while the Irisian colonies were in the process of colonization, due to the unfriendly conditions the land offered.

In 1865, Kadolhan forces occupied southwestern Lipnitia in retaliation to the Sremian invasion of the aforementioned country. This event marked the beginning of the Kadolhan-Sremian War, which would prove to be one of the deadliest conflicts in Zemlyan history and a prelude to a series of great wars in the future. The Lipnitian capital Krasnograd was successfully saved from a Sremian siege during the Battle of Krasnograd, which led the Lipnitians to see the Kadolhans as their saviors as part of the "Kadolhan myth". The administration of Goran Ivančević oversaw the formation of a dependent territory in the area of Krasnograd, commonly known as the Protectorate of Krasnograd.

Hours after the mysterious death of Ranko Đokić on 7 July 1882, who was serving his second term in a row, General Rastislav Prodić marched on the National Assembly Building, dismissing all members of cabinet and the National Assembly with the sentence "comply or be shot". All parties were to be disbanded, declared illegal and their leadership arrested. Though some parties continued to operate underground, they didn't go fully defunct until the early 1900s. Members of the Kadolhan Radical Party attempted to stage a coup in 1895, but failed having been prevented by the army, resulting in the execution of all party members involved. The Kadolhan Radical Party was formally disbanded by its remaining members months later. The only party that remained active underground was the Democratic Party of Kadolha. During this period, rogue generals appointed to lead the Protectorate of Krasnograd by the dictatorship had enforced laws that discriminated the native Lipnitian population, leading to a period of political upheaval in the dependency.

On 15 March 1897, Kadolha declared war on the Kingdom of Lubilia, with the goal of ousting the royal family and annexing the country. Ever since the reunification of Kadolha, Lubilia was one of the two remaining independent Kadolhan-speaking countries. Rastislav Prodić thought that the reunification still hadn't been completed, and that the Lubilian royal family was standing in the path of this. The Lubilians had no desire to fight Kadolhans, letting the army march into Lubilia with zero resistance. Lubilia was officially annexed by Kadolha on 16 March 1897, the royal family having exiled itself to Lyrinia. General Prodić also planned on invading the Republic of Lyrinia, but these plans were soon scrapped due to the rise of geopolitical tensions in the 1900s. The annexation of Lubilia and planned invasion of Lyrinia was often characterized as an attempt to form Greater Kadolha.

General Rastislav Prodić died on 18 May 1911, a year before the beginning of the First Great War, leaving the country in the hands of Predrag Milutinović, selected as the successor to General Prodić by the State Military Council. Milutinović led the country until the end of the First Great War in 1920, legalizing parties and allowing free elections to be held as well as liberalizing the leadership in the Protectorate of Krasnograd, whilst successfully reverting the country back to a before stepping down on 31 August 1920, after the conclusion of the 1920 Kadolhan presidential election. Milutinović was pressured by public protests to abolish the, as an end result of the stalemate in the First Great War. Scholars consider this a fatal, but a crucial turning point in Kadolhan history. Pavle Jondić, member of the Democratic Party of Kadolha, was elected the twelfth President of the Second Kadolhan Republic, the first president to be elected after the 38-year long military dictatorship. Jondić pushed for liberal reforms, as well as legalizing same-sex marriage, abortion and brothels. The National Revivalist Party, headed by Dragan Obrenović, executed The Storming of Kradelas on 5 August 1924, seized control of the city with almost no resistance and stormed the National Assembly Building. Pavle Jondić was captured and executed in front of the public eye, whilst the then current National Assembly was dismissed. Dragan Obrenović declared the Third Kadolhan Republic and himself as its Vrhovni Vođa, marking the end of the Second Kadolhan Republic.

Interwar period
After the end of the First Great War in 1920, Predrag Milutinović was pressurized by public protests to abolish the military dictatorship and revert back to a, by which he was forced to step down on 31 August the same year. The outcome of the 1920 Kadolhan presidential election placed Pavle Jondić, a candidate of the Democratic Party of Kadolha, as the President. The Jondić administration oversaw the passing of liberal reforms and the legalization of same-sex marriage, abortion and brothels. The country was hit by an economic crisis, at the time which affected many other countries in Zemlya, as a consequence of the First Great War. The National Revivalist Party was formed the same year, founded by Dragan Obrenović.

The situation for the Second Kadolhan Republic was getting worse every year, although Jondić was mostly popular among the liberal crowd, his popularity began declining with the Kadolhan population. The National Revivalist Party used this to its advantage and started printing out propaganda, recruiting and organizing public rallies. In May 1922, members of the National Revivalist Party destroyed an entire in Kradelas by setting fire to it, later on known as the Week of the Red Fire. Police was unable to stop the Revivalists, as well as the culling of and clients that followed. Obrenović and his party were forced to go underground after being declared state enemies following the event. A library dedicated to sexual research books was set on fire on 19 July 1922. Towards the end of 1922, the Revivalists would carry out several attacks against institutions and objects they deemed as degenerate, non-Slavic and non-Zemlyan. In 1923, the National Revivalist Party stopped carrying out attacks and focused more on underground recruiting as Jondić's popularity kept declining.

On 17 March 1924, the National Revivalist Party destroyed a library in Janelići, which put Jondić and his cabinet on alert again. A month later, another brothel in Kradelas was set on fire. In June, a series of gay clubs were raided and destroyed. In late July, Dragan Obrenović began making preparations to march on the capital and seize control over the country, as the party has gained an immense amount of popularity and support, despite being deemed as traitorous. On 5 August 1924, the National Revivalist Party, headed by Dragan Obrenović, marches onto the capital and storms the National Assembly Building with no resistance. Pavle Jondić was captured and executed in public via firing squad. The National Assembly was dismissed, as well as the cabinet. The Second Kadolhan Republic came to an abrupt end, and the Third Kadolhan Republic was born.

Dragan Obrenović made strict public reforms, outlawed same-sex marriage, abortion and prostitution. Ministries were renamed into bureaus. The government was changed to a  Revivalist system, and a period of political repression against small underground parties working against the Revivalists followed. He introduced a Revivalist economy, that years later got Kadolha out of the economic crisis it found itself in.

On 9 May 1931, socialists declared the Kadolhan Workers' Republic in an uprising to topple the Revivalist government. Jovan Kaledić formed the Socialist People's Party of Kadolha and declared himself the People's Leader, but much like the state itself, the party was relatively short-lived. The socialists were severely underequipped and lacking in manpower compared to the Kadolhan military, although they've still managed to make a stand. The first notable victory was at Ratozora on 28 May. The war lasted until 22 August when remaining socialist forces were defeated at the town of Vilinka. Following the end of the war, the State Security Bureau was tasked with tracking down remaining members of the socialist party and their militia. The order also targeted their family members and any affiliates that may have helped them. A large number of public executions were conducted, which involved brutal execution methods. Some accounts state of captives being tied to concrete and thrown out of transport planes at sea. Traitors were considered to be soulless and of no worth by Dragan Obrenović, thus a strict policy was enforced towards those deemed as traitors.

On 1 February 1933, the Kadolhan state invaded the Republic of Lyrinia. Lyrinia was officially annexed by Kadolha seven days after the invasion had begun. Kadolha established the Protectorate of Vreteke in the east of the country, due to the large presence of Vretekans in the land. The rest of Lyrinia was declared as sovereign land of Kadolha and divided into three voivodeships. This was characterized as another step forward to the creation of Greater Kadolha, though Kadolhan authorities classified it as a unification of Kadolhan speaking countries. Despite Lyrinians and Kadolhans being culturally and linguistically similar, on religious matters the two were extremely different. Kadolha attempted to convert some of the Lyrinian population to Pravjerje, but it was a failure. Lyrinians are very devout followers of Issianism and because of that all attempts to convert them were stopped.

The Kadolhan invasion of Lyrinia is noted to have stirred up the tensions between Kadolha and Sremia more, as the Sremian leadership called the invasion as expansionist and unlawful. Dragan Obrenović personally wrote and sent a letter to the Sremian leader saying that it was a highly hypocritical statement for a country that had previously caused the deaths of millions and unlawfully conquered Lipnitia in the 19th century. Generally, Kadolha and Sremia had always been on the warpath with each other over the question of influence and hegemony in eastern Zemlya, with the now different clashing ideologies adding more fuel to the fire.

Kadolha continued to see booming economic development and military buildup for the rest of the 1930s. In 1939, Kadolha began improving relations with the state of Bloodia, who had conveniently been expelled from the Cominform the same year. Being historical allies since the Republican Wars, the two countries formed the Lewkogród-Kradelas Pact whilst ignoring their ideological differences, in order to be able to combat the Cominform on the political stage and possibly on the battlefield. The increase of tensions between Kadolha and Sremia in the geopolitical world, fueled by the alliance with Bloodia, eventually led to the outbreak of the Second Great War.

Politics and government
Kadolha is a Revivalist republic, with the government divided into a executive branch, legislative branch and judicial branch.

The government and politics of Kadolha function as a Revivalist republic, where a is enforced and the Vrhovni Vođa is both the head of state and head of government.

The Vrhovni Vođa is responsible for appointing members of the Council of Bureaus, including members of the National Assembly and the judicial branch.

The executive branch is composed of the Vrhovni Vođa and the Council of Bureaus. The head of the Council of Bureau Executives is the Supreme Councilor of Bureau Executives, and serves as the. Jovana Todorović succeeded Nemanja Božanović as the Vrhovni Vođa in 2022, and in the same year appointed Adrijana Rajković as the Supreme Councilor of Bureau Executives.

The legislative branch of the government forms the National Assembly. The National Assembly is a legislative body and it has a total of 518 members with a term of five years. 518 candidates are appointed by the Vrhovni Vođa, but before convening they will be subject to a national referendum, in which the majority of votes that are against the new assembly will be prompted to its dissolution, and a public election will be held by its geographic constituencies. Its members are employers confederations, employees confederations, liberal professions and public bodies.

The judicial branch of the government is the Supreme Court, which is the highest authority within the justice system, where judges are appointed by the Vrhovni Vođa himself. The Court of Criminal Appeal has the power of judicial review within the justice system, and the judges are also appointed by the Vrhovni Vođa.

The current party in power is the National Revivalist Party.

Foreign relations
Kadolha's foreign policy is conducted by the Bureau of Foreign Affairs and its head, the Bureau Executive of Foreign Affairs. The current bureau executive is Bojan Nemanjić. The main aims of the Bureau for Foreign Affairs are to represent Kadolha before other states; safeguarding the interests of the Kadolhan state and of its citizens abroad; the promotion of Kadolhan culture; and the fostering of closer relations with the Kadolhan diaspora.

Kadolha is allied with Lipnitia, Cestros, Vetania, Lubilia, Trakia, Nayili in a military and economic alliance called the Collective Strategic Defense Organization. Kadolha maintains relations with all countries in the world, having an embassy or consulate in each.

Law and criminal justice


Kadolha has a three-tiered judicial system overseen by the Judicial Administration of the Bureau of Internal Affairs. The current law system in use is the typical system. The judiciary system is made up of the following three courts:


 * Supreme Court of the State and the Highest Commission — The highest judiciary body in the state, also known as the "court of last resort". The Supreme Court is responsible for the trial of offenders who have attempted or have caused immense damaged to the state.
 * Court of Criminal Appeal — This court hears and reviews appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in a high or lower court.
 * High Court of Justice and Lower Court of Justice — The lower court may take in appeals, the decision of this court is often reviewed by the Court of Criminal Appeal. The High Court of Justice is the court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases.

The law is enforced by the National Police, which is subordinate to the Bureau of Internal Affairs. National security, intelligence and counterintelligence operations are handled by the State Security Bureau.

Military
The National Republican Armed Forces are subordinate to the Bureau of National Defense. The National Defence Forces are divided into the National Republican Land Forces, National Republican Aerospace Forces, National Republican Navy and the National Republican Home Guard. The Chief of the General Staff reports to the Bureau Executive of National Defence, who in turn is appointed by the Vrhovni Vođa, the, officially the Marshal of the Armed Forces. The defence budget is currently 5% of the. It is mandatory for all male and female citizens aged 18–28 to be for two years of service in the Armed Forces.

Administrative divisions
Kadolha is consisted of twenty-nine voivodeships divided into župe, which are subdivided into opštine. The capital city Kradelas is located in the Capital Voivodeship, hence the name of the voivodeship. The Capital Voivodeship is the only self-governing voivodeship in the entire country, all other voivodeships have no powers of their own and are often centers of state authority.

Autonomous territories
Kadolha has two autonomous territories located in Irisia. These territories are Vačarje and Obaljne, and they were integrated into Kadolha as sovereign territory in 1951 by merging the former colonies of Vačarje, Obaljne, Lažarija and Janarska. The name of the latter two is frequently used to refer to the regions they once encompassed.

Population
Kadolha's population as of 2022 is 267,793,563 people, of which 80,890,907 are located in mainland Kadolha, and 186,902,656 in the autonomous territories of Vačarje and Obaljne in Irisia. It is the third most populous country in Zemlya after Sremia and the Vetan Federation. Taking into account mainland Kadolha and Kadolhan Irisia, population density numbers at 89 inhabitants per square kilometer. The population density of mainland Kadolha numbers 166 inhabitants per square kilometer, whilst that of Kadolhan Irisia is 74 inhabitants per square kilometer. The total fertility rate of Kadolha is currently at 4.79. A high birth rate and low death rate has established Kadolha as one of the most populous countries in the world. The current median age is 29.

The population of Kadolhans is as of 2022 estimated to be 118,570,368, which is 44% of the total population. Native Irisians are the second largest and the largest non-Kadolhan group living in Kadolha, and as their name states, natives to the lands of Irisia. They number 69,340,885 (25.9%) people. Native Irisians are split into many different groups, most notable ones being the Wanikuyi, Sunakkhu and the Moheso. Kadolhan Irisians are the third largest group in Kadolha proper and the second largest in Kadolhan Irisia numbering 58,313,629 (21.8%) people. They are people of Kadolhan and Native Irisian descent, a group which was created through continuous mixing between the two groups, which started not too long after the Kadolhans first settled Irisia.

Kadolha has many different groups inhabiting its lands, although for the most part are minorities from different parts of the Cozars. The biggest minority in Kadolha are Bloodian Irisians numbering at 10,092,743 (3.6%), followed by Bloodians at 4,370,709 (1.6%), although the majority of them are located in Irisia. The third biggest minority are the Lafeardan Newrikers, numbering at 2,429,735, which is 0.91% of the total population, and 1.3% of the Irisian population. Other minority groups that are part of the mainland census (% of total population not included) are Lubilians (2.2%), Lipnitians (1.09%), Behalavians (0.6%), Kolesians (0.4%), Lyrinians (0.37%), Werschetzianites (0.31%), Vretekans (0.29%), Satarians (0.26%), Cestrosians (0.1%), Kusians (0.06%) and Trakians (0.02%).

Kadolha has a number of large cities. The largest city is Kradelas.

Religion


Pravjerje is the official and largest religion in Kadolha, while the government guarantees freedom of religious belief for all citizens. The majority of Pravjerje followers are Kadolhans and Lubilians, and they make up 44.9% of the total population. The second biggest religion is the Irisian Faith at 27.5%, followed by the Kadolhan-Irisian Faith at 20.6%, which is a combination of traditions and deities from Pravjerje and the Irisian Faith. The largest minority religion is Bloodian Tribunalism, currently 5% of the population, which is exclusively followed by Bloodians and Bloodian Irisians.

Orthodox Issianism makes up 0.9% of the population and is prevalent among Lipnitian, Behalavian, Werschetzianite, Vretekan, Cestrosian, Kolesian and Trakian communities. According to the 2022 census, roughly 96,000 Lubilians have expressed themselves as Orthodox Issians. The Werschetzianite Orthodox Church, Lipnitian Orthodox Church, Cestrosian Orthodox Church and Trakian Orthodox Church hold their own, and. These administrations were established during the late era of the First Kadolhan Republic and were officially recognized under the Second Kadolhan Republic, which in turn stopped the widespread persecution of Issians in the country.

Unitary Issianism is the smallest Issian religion in Kadolha, making up 0.1% of the population. It is prevalent only in and Lyrinian communities located in the southwestern part of the country. Along the the Orthodox Issian churches, the Vetan Church was also allowed to establish its own administration in Kadolha.

Other notable religions are Kuśvúś, followed by the Kusian minority; and the Satarian Native Faith, followed by the Satarian minority. A small portion of the total population also identify as and.

Languages


Kadolhan is the official and predominant spoken language in Kadolha. It is one of the many Zemlyan languages with active, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. Together with Bloodian, Kadolhan is the of the world.

Recognized minority languages in Kadolha are Cozar Slavic, Bloodian, Lipnitian, Behalavian, Werschetzianite,, Trakian, Satarian, Vretekan, Lyrinian, Kusian, and a large grouping of Native Irisian languages. The Native Irisian languages are the only minority languages officially used by local administrations where Native Irisians are the majority population.

Kadolha requires all its citizens to know three languages, as the government believes it will benefit citizens in all aspects of education, trade and war. Kadolhan is taught throughout the entire educational process, whilst Bloodian is introduced in the third year of. Another third language is introduced at the beginning of or, but students can choose which one they want to learn, though the options shrink to a specific few during wartime.

Kadolhans are typically multilingual, being able to speak at least one foreign language. Bloodian is the most spoken secondary language among Kadolhans, while is the third. Other commonly taught languages in Kadolha are, , , Balekarian and.

Economy
Kadolha adheres to a economy, similar, if not entirely the same as, where the economy is  by employers, workers and government officials. The economy is divided into different sectors called syndicates, which is consisted of employer and employee confederations, responsible for managing production, wages, prices and distribution. Wages and prices were set accordingly in order to avoid. In a Revivalist economy, between upper, middle and lower classes is extensively enforced in order to achieve industrial peace. Workers' strikes are outlawed and all class disputes are handled by the Labor Courts. This is done so that the work together in order to benefit the state, though this is the point where Kadolhan nationalism comes into play. The Kadolhan economy is for the most part privatized, though if private activity did not go in accordance to national interest, the government would intervene in order to be able to accommodate it.

The 1930s saw significant rise in employment and economic development, this caused the Kadolhan economy to become largely by 1939, rising from the near complete economic crash it experienced in early 1920s under the Second Kadolhan Republic. Although the government enforces a policy on imports, these regulations eased up in the post-war period, where trade with Bloodia and other allies came to prominence. The economy remains mostly unchanged, from the day of its implementation to the present day.

Different economic sectors and their development, who are managed by national syndicates, are overseen by different bureaus. National syndicates include the National Syndicate of Agriculture, responsible for managing the agricultural sector; the National Syndicate of Industry, manages the industrial sector; the National Syndicate of Commerce, manages the trade sector; the National Syndicate of Transportation, manages the transportation sector; the National Syndicate of Public Works and Liberal Professions. There are some economic sectors that are not managed by syndicates, but instead directly by bureaus, such as the tourism sector, energy sector and the telecommunications sector. The Bureau of Labor takes the responsibility of securing and protecting workers' rights, as well as accommodating them with a job on the basis of their profession.

Agriculture
Agriculture represents an important sector in the Kadolhan economy and its natural conditions meet the requirements for variable agricultural production. The vast amount of allowed Kadolha to become self-sufficient with its agricultural production, also being one of Zemlya's largest producers of grain, fruits and plants. Kadolha also lays a focus on meat production and export, with the most exported types of meat being and.

The National Syndicate of Agriculture, composed of the National Confederation of Agricultural Producers and the National Confederation of Farmers, is responsible for managing the production of agricultural goods, such as grains, fruits, plants and meats. These activities are overseen by the Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry and have the ability to intervene in case of suspicious activity. Among grain products, the most produced are, and. , s and s are the most produced plants in Kadolha, with potatoes being the most exported vegetables.

Due to the long-standing tradition of winemaking, the country is rich with s. Because of this s have become one of the most produced fruits in the country, followed by, , and. The biggest vineyards are located in the voivodeships of Kaljušeća, Berežija and Niković.

The majority of farms focusing on growing grains, plants, fruits and livestock are primarily located in the northern, northwestern, central and southern portion of the country, because of the vast amount of within those regions. The south is notably known for their s, but is also home to a lot of fruit-growing farms.

Industry
Industry and construction account for 36% of the gross domestic product and employ 28% of the workforce. The country is well known for its automotive industry, producing and exporting some of the most popular car brands in Zemlya, such as, , , , and. Other industrial exports include machinery, electronic equipment and chemical products. The most-driven Kadolhan car brand is NASAZ, directly followed by Žeti SZ, Stojadinović SZ and Vačar SZ.

Other parts of the industry that are critical to the Kadolhan economy are oil refining and heavy metallurgic refining. It is a proven fact that the Kadolhan government is using overseas colonies to transport more resources abroad and exploit human resources in those colonies. The majority of the oil comes from Nelatia, such as,  and  from Yumbo and Bamey.

The National Syndicate of Industry, composed of the Confederation of Industrial Employers and Confederation of Industrial Workers, is responsible for managing the industrial sector of the economy, directly overseen by the Industrial Administration of the Bureau of Development and Infrastructure.

The arms industry is among the best in Zemlya, responsible for very significant arms exports. Popular arms companies include the Ketranel Aviation Company, Harauka Works, Veteka Arms & Supply and Lekveta Arms.

Telecommunications
Ever since the introduction of the in the 1920s, the Kadolhan government enforced a strict policy on broadcasting Revivalist,  and anti-Sremian propaganda. Censorship became a frequent occurrence and it is not an uncommon practice today. There is only one nationwide communication service provider (mobile operator included), the National Cable & Telephone Service. Today, fixed telephone lines connect 95% of households, while 76% of the population are registered mobile phone users. 41.7% of households have a radio, while 99.1% of households have television.

The telecommunications sector is directly managed by the Telecommunications Administration of the Bureau of Development and Infrastructure.

Energy
Energy in Kadolha is directly managed by the Industrial Administration of the Bureau of Development and Infrastructure, responsible for energy distribution across the country. The most used form of energy is, specifically and in some powerplants. 71% of the country is powered by nuclear energy, along with the usage of cleaner power sources such as solar energy and hydroelectricity. Solar energy powers 11%, while hydroelectricity powers 9.3% of the country. Kadolha intends to use cleaner energy over fossil fuels, such as oil, which is primarily used to fuel motor vehicles, aircraft, ships and other forms of transport. Fossil fuels in general are in the process of being replaced by nuclear energy and hydroelectricity, especially coal, which causes the majority of the air pollution.

There are a handful of natural gas and coal deposits located in central and northern Kadolha, but are lately more exported to countries like Lipnitia, due to the usage of cleaner energy sources.

Transport
Transport in Kadolha is provided via means of road, rail, sea and air travel. In the 1930s, Kadolha has primarily laid focus on developing road networks, including motorways and highways, which connect every major city with one another. Motor vehicles are the most used form of transport, and thus development of proper road networks were given more effort. The beginning of the Second Great War left the construction of newer roads unfinished, some of these unfinished roads are still present in the countryside. The majority of roads were constructed using concrete material, and with the idea to replace the material with, the government pushed for an initiative to replace concrete roads with asphalt ones. Concrete is fairly more expensive than asphalt, as well as expensive to repair in case of any damage, though it lasts longer. Today, the majority of Kadolhan roads are made of asphalt, with concrete being more present in local roads. A very significant motorway is the E-25 motorway, spanning from Ćenica to Kradelas, taking the spot for the biggest motorway in the country.

The rail network is mainly used for freight cargo transport, rather than passenger transport, due to the affordability of motor vehicles. Rail transport was popular when it was first introduced in 1847, when the first railroad connecting Kradelas and Lipnovo was built. When cars were introduced, their rise in popularity was rapid, and has instantly shadowed rail transport. Though a large rail network exists, its primary use is logistical, being strategically positioned that way. s use a urban rail network within cities, and tend to be used more frequently due to dense traffic in major cities, where transport is also a common form of transportation.

Other means of travel are by air and sea. Every major city has an airport, the largest airport in Kadolha being the Kradelas International Airport. By usage, sea transport is the least used form of transportation, although a popular ferry route is from Grcanovo, Meriča to Mrakać, Feljača. Much like rail transport, sea transport is also used for cargo transport. The largest port is located in Varina, the maritime center of the country.

The transportation sector is directly managed by the National Syndicate of Transportation, composed of the National Confederation of Transport Employers and National Confederations of Drivers, Pilots and Conductors. Their activites are overseen by the Logistical Administration of the Bureau of Development and Infrastructure.

Tourism
Kadolha is a popular tourist destination, because of its unique and diverse architecture, historical remnants, music, cuisine and a variety of landforms located across the country. Although having a strict isolationist policy with closed borders, tourists from countries without a travel-ban are allowed to enter the country after passing all border inspections. Kadolha received 56 million tourists in 2016, but the number of tourists gradually declined over the years. Roughly 29 million tourists visited Kadolha in 2019.

Popular tourist destinations are old fortresses, castles, museums, mountain resorts, national parks and beaches. Kradelas attracts the majority of the tourists, as it is the heartland of the country, with many interesting features, such as the diverse architecture, museums and monuments in both religious and historical value. Varina is the second most popular tourist destination, as it has a set of beaches and hotels, and is a prime location for summer vacations. Kadolha is also the location of many religious temples, raised in honor of the gods and are places of worship. These temples tend to be visited by other Slavic pagans during yearly pilgrimages. Popular tourist attractions include the Kradelas Fortress, Klađa National Park, Rezokamen Fortress, Monument to a Thousand Souls and the statue of Suncebog in Vrknovo.

Space exploration
Kadolha traces its achievements in and  back to the launch of the first Kadolhan into space in 1967 via Bloodian, Borislav Marinković. It was also the first joint space mission between Bloodia and Kadolha. With the assistance of the Bloodian Aerospace Directorate, the countries of Cestros and Kadolha jointly developed the Collective Spaceflight Research Administration (Združena uprava svemirskog istraživanja, ZUSI) in 1973. The first Kadolhan in space, launched via Kadolhan spacecraft was Marinko Šoškić in 1975, making Kadolha the fourth country to send a man to space.

The first CSRA satellite launched into space was Okolnik 1 in 1977 from the Ćenica Air Force Base. Cestrosia is the first space station finished in 1984 and remains still operational. Kadolha finished its own space station, Vajić 1 in 1988 and is not used for joint purposes. Though having a joint space program, the government created the Bureau of Spaceflight Research & Development in 1985 to help develop more indigenous designs. Kadolha launched a significant number of satellites into space, both of domestic origin and jointly developed through the CSRA program. Two main s are located in the voivodeships of Varažija and Šekoval.

Kadolhan astronauts actively take part in mission flights to the International Space Station.

Culture
The culture of Kadolha is heavily derived from its roots, and at the time of its migration and settling in the Cozars, it remained as such. Kadolhan culture has been influenced by a mix of Eutrucian-Cestrosian and early Vretekan culture throughout the centuries, which is typical for all Cozar cultures. Today, Kadolhan culture is defined by its old religious customs tracing back to the pre-migration period and 1,000 years worth of history, but most notable was the impact the Reunification War had prior the Reunification of Kadolha, as it set the foundation for a national identity and the rise of the Kadolhan nationalism.

Kadolha is home to numerous cultural monuments, such as temples, forts, castles and old towns. The most significant cultural monuments are: the Temple of Vremeslav, located within the Kradelas Fortress in Kradelas; the Kamena Vrtovica, an old city fortress, which later developed into the Kadolhan Empire's primary trade hub; the Monument to a Thousand Souls, a monument raised at the site of a mass burning ritual after the Battle of Galebica, the last battle of the Reunification War; and the giant statue of Ratibog erected in Lipnovo during the reign of Nikola II. A number of Eutrucian complexes, military camps and desecrated temples are scattered around Kadolha, along with a Cestrosian fort in the south of the country.

There are a lot of preserved old religious texts written in Old Kadolhan kept in the National Library of Kadolha, although there are examples who are kept within the premises of temples. All activities regarding the preservation of the cultural heritage of Kadolha are undertaken by the Bureau of Culture.

Art and architecture
Much like in the rest of the Cozars, Eutrucian and Cestrosian architecture found its way in Kadolha, as seen by the presence of Eutrucian complexes and temples, along with a couple of Cestrosian cities in the south. Even though most of these architectural finds were desecrated or destroyed by the oncoming South Slavic tribes, what's remaining of them is preserved and classified as important historical objects by the Bureau of Culture.

The country is dotted with medieval fortresses and castles in a well-preserved state such as the Kradelas Fortress, the most important fortress at the time, around which the modern city of Kradelas was built; the Teševac Fortress, Brdograd, Galebica Fortress, Vodokamen and Trnorez.

Kadolhan art in the medieval period was manifested in the form of wooden and stone carvings, which was primarily wooden figurines and sculptures of gods of the Kadolhan pantheon. These same sculptures can be found around in temples around the country. Wooden figurines from the medieval period are put on display in temples or various museums. Kadolhans attempted to adapt their pagan symbolism with, but was viewed as heretical by the priesthood, and all works were either scrapped or destroyed.

With the Kadolhan Empire adhering an isolationist policy, the did not in any way, shape or form affect Kadolhan artists, because simply no one from countries who've seen notable Renaissance influence were allowed to enter the country within that period of time. was the most prominent architectural form at the time and still shows the amount of impact it had on the architecture of the Kadolhan Empire. After the collapse of the Kadolhan Empire in 1503, Kadolhan successor states became more open towards the rest of Zemlya, including the Principality of Kradelas. The had a minor impact on the successor states, as there was not much noticable change within architecture, although it did affect paintings and sculptures.

While Kadolha remained divided, the period arrived to the successor states with a major impact on Kadolhan  architecture, art and music. Baroque-influenced paintings and sculptures started popping up, though the majority of Baroque buildings were demolished during the Reunification War.

When Kadolha was reunified in 1711, from that point on, there would be a number of, , , , , , , , , Interwar modernist and academicist influences on Kadolhan architecture and art. The most prominently used architectural form is the, present all around the country. One example of architecture can be observed on the National Assembly Building in Kradelas.

Important Kadolhan painters of the first half of the 20th century were Vedran Jokić, Davor Bojanić and Radovan Radić of. Marko Bajić and Uroš Lazarević of. Bojan Kraljević and Goran Nikolić of. Slobodan Živić and the sculptor Slavomir Bojanović of. Noted painters of the second half of the 20th century include Marija Cvijanović, Ivan Ignjatović, Stanoje Pejić and Ilija Vladimirović of.

Notable Kadolhan artworks include the painting of Emperor Vuk II, Battle of Galebica and the sculpture of Ratibog. Among other crafts, the is the most important traditional handcraft in Kadolha.

There are more than 300 museums in Kadolha, of which the most prominent one is the National Museum of Kadolha, founded in 1810. It is home to all sorts of archeological finds, such as Eutrucian and Cestrosian busts, coins and weapons, as well as old Kadolhan relics.

Literature
The first known sources of Kadolhan literacy began after the adoption of the, brought to Kadolha by Trakians in the late 9th and early 10th century. It soon became Kadolha's primary writing system and was adapted to the Old Kadolhan language. No surviving examples of a writing system before the introduction of Cyrillic exist, if there was one to begin with. The oldest Kadolhan book in Cyrillic was the Trials of Ognjen, written in 998.

Notable medieval authors include Ognjen Božić, Nemanja Vidić, Darko Mišić and Marina Rađenović. The isolationist policy of the Kadolhan Empire allowed for no flow of influence, though the amount of indigenous Kadolhan  and  skyrocketed, inspired by the Kadolhan conquets at the time. Kadolhan poetry consisted of deeply rooted from Pravjerje. All up until the dissolution of the Kadolhan Empire in 1503, the was allowed to flow through Kadolha. It had a major impact on literature, as more humanist poetry started appearing, though they were not as recognized as medieval poetry in Kadolha.

The period brought major influence on Kadolhan literature, and it was the most prominent literacy style up until the  in the 18th century. Vesna Krljić and Jovana Zmajević became the first two female prose writers who's work was recognized by the public in Kadolha after reunification in 1711. Notable male Baroque prose writers include Ivan Trifunović, Dejan Goranović, Marko Cvijić and Petar Slavić. There were only two recognized writers of the Age of Enlightement, Radoje Milić and Slaviša Dobrojević. The period was responsible for a boom in writers and works, as the literacy style became immensely popular and accepted by the public. Notable writers of the Romanticist period were Mladen Pavlović, Dražen Bojević, Milivoje Velimirović, Željko Dobrosavljević, Obren Trifković and Višeslav Vujić. In the late 19th century, writers came into the spotlight, though were not as popular or widespread as Romanticist writers. Famous Realist writers include Stefan Nedeljković, Branko Josipović, Borislav Popović and Veljko Mandić.

The 20th century was dominated by prose writers such as Vlado Ristovski (The Thunder God and the Tree), Vlatko Georgijević (Death of the Grey Wolf), Aleksandar Petrović (Beyond the Sky Boundry), Ljuba Aleksić (Off Limits), Pera Bačić (Many Miles Away), Momčilo Popović (Despair) and Obrad Andrić (The Suffering of a Lone Eagle). Famous 20th century poets include Strahinja Šaponjić, Radiša Bojević, Slaviša Novaković, Miško Stevanović, Draško Rajić, Kristina Vladimirović, Ksenija Vladić and Sanja Tomić.

The best-known Kadolhan author is Bratislav Pavlović, his best work is considered to be Pain and Suffering, which was translated into 10 languages and became a popular book to read in 1951. His original works are kept within the vicinity of the Matica kadoljska.

There are more than a thousand libraries all across the country, while the biggest one is the National Library of Kadolha, containing more than 8 million volumes of books and poetry. Very historically important poetic texts and original written books are put on display in the Matica kadoljska, the oldest cultural institution and in the Cozars, created in 1815 as part of the rise of, a result of the Republican Wars the Second Kadolhan Republic took part in.

Music
Kadolha has been considered the land of music since the medieval period, where accompanied by  was the prominent form of music. Sung epic poetry was often concerned with cultural and mythological themes. This remained as such even after the collapse of the Kadolhan Empire, where any influence in the musical scene was barely noticeable. Traditional Kadolhan music includes a variety of instruments, such as s, s,, s, s, drums and cymbals. The is the traditional folk dance, basically a circle dance, though their forms vary in different regions of Kadolha. Despite not being as mainstream as other musical forms today, sung epic poetry remains an integral part of the Kadolhan music scene, having shaped traditional folk music.

The period was the most impactful on the Kadolhan music scene, giving birth to numerous symphonies and orchestras, as well as composers such as Radiša Dapčević, Stanislav Borisavljević and Miloje Šiljan. Despite being divided, the amount of music that came from successor states up until reunification was enormous. Kadolhan baroque music became very popular in the Cozars and in some parts of Zemlya. The baroque period lasted from the late 16th century until the late 17th century.

became prominent after the period came to an end. The classical period overshadowed the majority of, due to its less complex, lighter and clearer texture. Classical music remained in Kadolha up until the late 19th century, and has served as a foundation for the father of modern Kadolhan music, Kosta Mandić. Baroque music may have had some of the greatest influence in Kadolha, it was certainly not too far ahead from classical music. Notable composers of this period include Ljubiša Urošević, Staniša Tadić, Raško Marković and Ivica Bojanić.

The was followed by the. Romantic music had no significant influence on Kadolhan music, there were only two publicly recognized composers of this period, Radonja Kostić and Stevan Grgurović. Just like the, Romantic music was overshadowed by its predecessor.

Folk music in its original form, also known as traditional Kadolhan music, has been a prominent music form since the late 19th century. The Bureau of Education is responsible for the more widespread introduction of folk music into all schools, because in Kadolha it is believed that music lies within the cultural identity of a nation, and if the music is forgotten, the identity begins to fade away. Music similar to this form is the, present primarily in Kadolha and a couple of other countries in the Cozars, used fairly commonly at celebrations, weddings, funerals and births.

The sudden rise of in the west and its rapid spread throughout Zemlya ignited massive popularity in Kadolha in the 1950s and 1960s. What became immensely more popular than rock was, characterized by its massive and loud sounds, distortion, long guitar solos and emphatic beats. The most popular Kadolhan heavy metal band is Pogrom, having toured the majority of Zemlya. Heavy metal reached its peak in popularity in the 1970s, and a large number of newly formed metal bands started showing up. The first heavy metal band to tour Kadolha was Topor, also the first Sajuznik band allowed to ever enter the country in 1982. Ever since then, many Kadolhans became fans of Topor, a lot of other bands would start making covers of Topor's song and their popularity was almost as high as that of Pogrom.

Other than and, a new genre of music developed in the 1980s and early 1990s, and that is , a subgenre of  music. Though not as popular as heavy metal, this music genre saw some attention at the time of its development and the early 2000s, but is still not mainstream music. Notable singers and music writers of this genre are Danilo Arsić, Ljubomir Brkić, Nemanja Janketić and Kristijan Savić.

There are twenty-one opera houses located across the country, of which six notable ones located in the capital city of Kradelas. These operas include the: Kradelas Musical Theater, Musical Section of the National Theater, Emperor's Theater House, Classical Music Theater, Opera House of the Eagle and Theater of Music and Scene.

Sports
is by far the most popular ball sport in Kadolha, extensively played by the youth and viewed by millions in the country. Other popular sports include, , and. The Kadolha men's national basketball team has won many gold medals at regional and international basketball competitions, being ranked as the best basketball team in Zemlya. The National Basketball Association is the primary governing sports body for basketball in the country, with the Basketball League of Kadolha being the major competitive basketball club league.

play an important role in Kadolhan society, whose first records of introduction were in the 1920s, primarily the schools of and  by practioners from Asakawa. The government started actively pushing a variety of martial arts into schools, so children can choose to practice one or multiple from a young age. It was done in order to increase discipline among the youth and make them physically capable for any future endeavours. This action proved to be very effective, as the government enforces a campaign to turn the youth population into able sportsmen. In the 1950s, more martial arts were introduced to the Kadolhan populous, such as (Dongkuo kickboxing),, ,  and. Along these,, and  are also available at schools, but are not as popular. The first mixed martial arts clubs were opened in the early 1960s, while the first MMA competition in Kadolha took place in Kradelas 1967. Famous Kadolhan martial artists include Dušan Rajović (Judo), Lazar Kojić (Jiu-jitsu), Vedran Simić (Sanda), Petar Ivančević (Sambo), Dragan Vasiljević (Karate), Slaven Kršić (Maharlikan boxing), Jovan Kovačević (Taekwondo) and Nikola Lazarević (MMA).

There are a number of associations and federations responsible for organizing martial arts competitions, these are the National Judo Federation of Kadolha, Maharlikan Boxing Federation of Kadolha, Jiu-Jitsu Federation of Kadolha, National Sambo Federation of Kadolha, Sanda Association of Kadolha, Taekwondo Federation of Kadolha, Karate Federation of Kadolha, Kadolhan Wrestling Federation, Boxing Association of Kadolha, Kickboxing Association of Kadolha and the United Mixed Martial Arts Association. All of them are directly subordinate to the Bureau of Culture.

The 1970s was also the decade of, where and  became increasingly popular, especially in the 1980s when new rally regulations classified under  were introduced. Group B sparked the popularity of motorsport in the country, because of its high-power and performance vehicles along with excellent drivers, which to the present day remains the same.

Theater and cinema
The father of modern Kadolhan theater is considered to be Davor Starčević with a very well established theatrical tradition. There are a number of theaters in the majority of cities, of which the most important ones are the Emperor's Theater House, National Theater in Kradelas, Teševac Theater House, Ćenica Theatrical Center and the Varina Regional Theatrical and Cultural Center. The oldest theater in the country is the Laškana Cultural Theater, built in 1644. Important Kadolhan playwrighters include Dobroslav Sandić, Marinko Tadić and Predrag Tomić.

With the arrival of film projectors to Kadolha, the oldest movie in the Cozars was filmed in 1891. The Fall of the First Republic, a documentary film about the demise of the First Kadolhan Republic that lead to the 1802 coup d'état.

Kadolhan cinematography saw some development in the period, the most popular movie was The Fire Lake Swan, a  movie released in 1920. The arrival of in 1923 allowed for much more rapid development in cinematography, popular movies of the interwar period were Life & Mystery (1928), Bolt Shooter (1931), Emotional Eruption (1936) and Vesna (1940). After the end of the Second Great War, Kadolhan cinema boomed with the release of several movies. The 1960s, 1970s and 1980s represented the golden era of Kadolhan cinematography, where movies and s were amongst the most popular movie genres. The most popular comedic movie was Boiling Hot (1980) and war movie Offensive in Southern Lipnitia 1946 (1974). Renowned Kadolhan filmmakers of this era are Ivan Kladar and Nemanja Ivončević.

Renowned Kadolhan movie stars have left a significant mark in Kadolhan cinematography and the state has given them honors as a form of remembrance. Notable mentions are Petar Petko Stojadinović, Velibor Miljetić, Ružica Gavrić, Darko Maljko Maljac, Dragana Grgić, Draško Cvija Cvijanović, Velimir Nešić, Peruna Ignjić, Tanja Vajić and many others.

Media
The freedom of press and freedom of speech is a controversial topic in Kadolha, considering that freedom of speech is to an extent limited to native Kadolhans, while freedom of press is virtually non-existent. All television is operated by the National Radio Television Department, primarily airing domestic programs with the implementation foreign television programs.

There are a total of 344 radio stations in Kadolha of whom twenty have national coverage, including the public broadcaster National Radio Television Department. Other radio stations include 61 regional radio stations and 260 local radio stations.

Media censorship first began in 1924, when major newspapers were shut down for promoting degeneracy and. All newspaper agency headquarters were demolished and all possible newspaper examples burned. This censorship campaign was met with zero resistance, and the same year the national newspaper Kadolha Today was created. Popular newspapers prior the beginning of the Revivalist era include The Eagle, Our Country, Salt & Pepper and Sea Lions.

There is only one national daily newspaper in Kadolha, called Kadolha Today (Кадољска данас, Kadoljska danas), informing the populous about all sorts of events within and outside of the country. There are regional newspapers for every voivodeshp, and as well as local newspapers for every opština. An unknown amount of web portals exist on the .кад domain, while there have been reports of dissident web portals being hosted on foreign domains, made to undermine the Kadolhan government.

Cuisine
Kadolhan cuisine is largely heterogeneous and shares a lot of similarities with other countries in the Cozars. When the Kadolhan Empire collapsed, a wider broad of food products from others parts of Zemlya was allowed to circulate through Kadolhan successor states. Some products of Lipnitian cuisine such as also made it to the country, and it is a very popular dish in northern Kadolha. Food and alcoholic drinks are very important in Kadolhan social life, especially during religious practices, which involve food offerings and feasts.

The Kadolhan diet involves bread, meat (mainly, , and ), fruits, vegetables and dairy products. Bread has an important place in Kadolhan meals, being found served along every dish and used extensively during religious rituals. products such as potatoes play a significant role over the summer, as it is one of the more widely consumed products at that time of the year, usually being served alongside a main dish. After the colonization of Sahrawia during the colonial period, Kadolhans brought back a lot of products, which have now become part of the Kadolhan diet.

Kadolhan specialties include (caseless sausages made of minced meat, grilled and seasoned),, ,  (paprika filled with minced meat, which is then cooked), , , ,  (meat pie), , ,  (cornbread),  and.

The national beverage is meduška, a high alcohol volume drink distilled from fruit and flavored with, hence the name of the drink. Meduška without the honey flavor is called, and the most commonly found one is Šljivara, which is rakija distilled from plum. Other alcoholic beverages include, , and. Winemaking in Kadolha is a century-long tradition, where wine is produced in roughly thirty different geographical regions.

Public holidays
The public holidays in Kadolha are defined by the Act on National Holidays in the Republic of Kadolha.