User:Kudŕavka/Sandbox

Kudravina is a multi-ethnic and Multi-Linguistic country. It has two official languages in government: the Northern-Slavic language Kudravinian and the East Nemecian language Maidjan; as well as the Yugo-Azaryan language Matra in the autonomous republic of Matrabumi, the Czudzic language Paimen in the republic of Menastađs, Beloslav in the region of Belaia, and Sangitavian in the republic of Jugosangitavina.

Menaronic
The Maidjans traditionally used the Uthark script before interaction with Hellenic cultures. The Uthark script was a modified variant of the traditional Futhark script with interesting changes made. Most notably, Uthark places the feihu (wealth) rune at the end of the script, like West Germanic runes, added modified forms of ansuz (ᚫ, ᚪ, ᚩ) to represent æ, a, and å. The ᛠ rune, named waichts, displaced wynn which later serve as /y/ additionally. Waicht's origin as a glyph likely came from its use by other Germanic languages to represent similar /y/ while a reversed wynn (ᛩ) would be used for /gw/. The /p/ sound had been totally unfound in the language, and its place in the alphabet were replaced by ᛔ to represent /ʍ/, similar to cweord for Lafeardic. The Elk rune ᛨ would bear a similar resemblance to its form in some Illhosian inscriptions, looking similar to a mirrored tyr ᛏ

Changes from old North Slavic
As a north Slavic language, Kudravinian maintained many features of proto-Balto-Slavic that East, West, and South slavic languages lack. In particular, North Slavic languages lack palatalization of *k and *g into *c/*č and *ž the fricativization of *kv and *gv into *sv and *zv, and the changes of *sk, into *š/*x.

However, Kudravinian also has sound changes similar to its bordering Germanic and Illhosian languages.

For example:

Miscellaneous mutations:


 * North Slavic *z -> Volosevian [ɣ]
 * Proto Slavic "zemlja" - Volosevian "gemla"
 * Intervocalic *d -> Volosevian [dz]
 * Proto Slavic "godǔ" - Volosevian "kozu"
 * Hard *l -> Volosevian [w]
 * Proto Slavic vǔlna - Old Volosevian "vewna" (modern "vluna")
 * the change ml’ > ńl
 * Coda -s disappearing and fronting the previous vowel

Non-intervocalic devoicing


 * North Slavic *d -> Volosevian [t]
 * Proto Slavic "drugǔ" - Volosevian "trugoi"
 * North Slavic *g -> Volosevian [k]
 * Proto Slavic "godǔ" - Volosevian "kozu"

Devoiced consonant fricativization


 * North Slavic *t-> Volosevian [θ] (voiced intervocalically)
 * Proto Slavic "tri" - Volosevian "đrei"
 * North Slavic *k -> Volosevian [x]
 * Proto Slavic "kako" - Volosevian "chach"


 * North Slavic *p -> Volosevian [ɸ]
 * Proto Slavic "para" - Volosevian "fara"

Vowels


 * *TьRT, *TъRT -> TьRьT, TъRъT, but retaining *TоRT
 * Dental codas fronting preceeding vowel
 * *ę becoming ai, *ǫ becoming au
 * Nasal codas nasalizing and lengthening the previous vowel
 * a and au mutate preceding vowels
 * in a syllable with e, preceding one with å, it becomes eo
 * in a syllable with e, preceding one with a, it becomes ea
 * in a syllable with o, preceing one with a, it becomes oi

Grammar
Kudravinian grammar is highly synthetic, meaning words can attach multiple combinations of affixes and roots to create another meaning. Pronouns are often omitted in ergative positions.

Verbs
Kudravinian suffixes vowels based on evidentiality, person, number, and voice Note: The first vowel is removed if a vowel is already present being affixed. Tense can be denoted by infixing: The imperative is a complex aspect in and of itself, having different forms depending on who is being referred to. The imperative aspect's tense is almost always future tense.

Declensions
Noun declensions are never done on the nouns themselves, but on articles. Articles are declined according to their nouns number and case.

Kudravinian has a the following: